Deforestation in Indonesian and Malaysian Novels: When Wild Forests are Destroyed by Anthropocentricism
Keywords:
anthropocentrism, deforestation, ecocriticism, green novel, wild forest \
Abstract
Anthropocentrism is one of the perspectives applied in figuring out human relations with the environment. The environmental crisis happening in most areas of the world lately is allegedly the impact of anthropocentrism, which views humans as the center of the universe, and only humans have the right to utilize and make use of nature for their interests and needs. One of the environmental crises which hit the world today is deforestation. The description of deforestation and its various consequences can be looked through not only from the news in mass media or research reports, but also from Indonesian and Malaysian novels. This study aims at examining the issue of deforestation described in Indonesian and Malaysian novels. The method applied is a comparative qualitative descriptive with an ecocritical perspective. As data sources, two Indonesian novels and two Malaysian novels were selected, namely Api Awan Asap (Rampan) and Tanah Tabu (Thayf) as the samples of Indonesian novels; Penunggu Rimba: Tombiruo (Mursid) and Anak Belantara (Abdullah) as the samples of Malaysian novels. From an eco-critical perspective, the results of the study show that in the four novels studied, it appears that there is an issue of deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia which has resulted in various other environmental problems. The four analyzed novels reveal how local wisdom can prevent and fight deforestation which occurs in the forests of Kalimantan and Papua. Added to this, through the novels, Indonesian and Malaysian writers both present ecocentrism perspectives to fight anthropocentrism which causes deforestation. Some different views are expressed by Indonesian and Malaysian writers in dealing with deforestation.
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References
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Chris. (2018). Pendorong Laju Deforestasi Dampak dari Meningkatnya Permintaan Minyak Sawit melalui Kebijakan Biofuel. Jakarta: Cerology and Rainforest Foundation Norway.
Che Man, S.H. & Suzana, M. (2011). Literature and Nature: the Erasure of Dualism. Atikan, 1(2), pp. 157 - 170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/atikan-journal.v1i2.112
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Wahyuni, Herpita & Suranto. (2021). Dampak Deforestasi Hutan Skala Besar terhadap terhadap Pemanasan Global di Indonesia [Impact of Large-Scale Deforestation on Global Warming in Indonesia ]. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1), pp. 149-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v6i1.10083.
Wiyatmi, (2016). “Conquest and Care for the Preservation of Nature and Environment in the Novel Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak: Study Ecocriticism. Humaniora, 28(3), pp. 315–323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.22285.
Wiyatmi, et.al. (2018). Dekonstruksi terhadap Kuasa Patriarki Atas Alam, Lingkungan Hidup, dan Perempuan dalam Novel-Novel Karya Ayu Utami [Deconstruction of Patriarchal Power Over Nature, Environment, and Women in Novels by Ayu Utami]. Litera,15(2), pp. 281-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v15i2.11829.
Yaakup, H. S. (2018). Tombiruo: Adaptasi Novel ke Filem dan Representasi Kepercayaan Setempat [Tombiruo: Adaptation of Novels to Films and Representation of Local Beliefs]. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication. 34(2), pp. 323-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2018-3402-20.
Barri, M. F. dkk. (2028). Deforestasi Tanpa Henti, Potret Deforestasi di Sumatera Utara, Kalimantan Timur, dan Maluku Utara. Jakarta: Forets Watch Indonesia,
Barry, P. (1995). Beginning Theory An Introduction To Literary And Cultural Theory. UK: Manchester University Press
Bretherton, Ch. (2001). Ecocentric Identity and Transformatory Politicsauthor. International Journal of Peace Studies 6(2), pp. 17-3. Published by: International Peace Research Association (IPRA). URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/45037998
Burbery, T. J. (2012). Ecocriticism and Christian Literary Scholarship, Christianity and Literature 61(2) (Winter ), pp. 189-214. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44314928.
Chris. (2018). Pendorong Laju Deforestasi Dampak dari Meningkatnya Permintaan Minyak Sawit melalui Kebijakan Biofuel. Jakarta: Cerology and Rainforest Foundation Norway.
Che Man, S.H. & Suzana, M. (2011). Literature and Nature: the Erasure of Dualism. Atikan, 1(2), pp. 157 - 170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/atikan-journal.v1i2.112
Dewi, Novita. (2016). Ekokritik dalam Sastra Indonesia: Kajian Sastra yang Memihak. [Ecocriticism in Indonesian Literature: A Study of Defending Literature]. Adabiyyat, Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, XV(1), pp. 18 -37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2016.15102.
Douglas, B. (2015). Transforming Human Society from Anthropocentrism to Ecocentrismcan We Make It Happen in Time? in Colin D. Butler, et.al. Ed. Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael’s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding. Austrialia: ANU Press. URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt1729vxt.57.
Dreese, D. N. (2002). Ecocriticism: Creating Self and Place in Environmental and American Indian Literatures. New York: Peter Lang Publishing..
Glotfelty, Ch & Fromm, H. (1996). The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. USA: the University of Georgia Press
https://www.heartofborneo.org/about-us/Heart of Borneo Indonesia.
Jusoff, K. & Abdul, M.R. (1995).â€Satellite Remote Sensing of Deforestation in the Sungai Buloh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia.†International Journal of Remote Sensing., 16 (11), pp. 1991-1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954534
Keraf, S. (2002). Etika Lingkungan. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.
Litvinoff, M. & Griffiths, T. (2014). Mengamankan Hutan Mengamankan Hak, Laporan Lokakarya Internasional tentang Deforestasi dan Hak-hak Masyarakat Hutan. Diselenggarakan di Palangkaraya, Indonesia [Securing Forests Securing Rights, Report of the International Workshop on Deforestation and the Rights of Forest Peoples. Held in Palangkaraya, Indonesia.]. Downloaded from prreportbahasainternet.pdf (forestpeoples.org).
Love, G. A. (2003). Practical Ecocriticism : Literature, Bio Logy, and The Environment. USA: University of Virginia Press.
Mamat, M. (2015). Etika Alam Sekitar dalam Novel Jong Chian Lai dari Perspektif Pribumi. [Environmental Ethics in the Novel Jong Chian Lai from an Indigenous Perspective]. Jurnal Melayu, 14(2), pp.171–179. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jmelayu/ -article/view/11443/3704.
Murshid, R. A. (2015). Penunggu Hutan, Tombiruo. Kuala Lumpur: Alaf 21 Sendirian Berhad.
Muthmainnah, L, Mustansyir, R., & Tjahyadi.S. (2020). Meninjau Ulang Sustainable Development: Kajian Filosofis atas Dilema Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Era Post Modern. [Reviewing Sustainable Development: A Philosophical Study of the Dilemma of Environmental Management in the Post Modern Era.]. Jurnal Filsafat, 30(1), pp. 23-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.49109.
Nefi, A., et. al. (2018). Implikasi Keberlakuan Kontrak Karya PT. Freeport Indonesia Pasca Undang-Undang No 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral Dan Batubara. [Implications of the Applicability of the Contract of Work of PT. Freeport Indonesia after Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining.]. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 48 (1). Downloaded from http://-jhp.ui.ac.id/index.php/home/article/view/1604
Perbet, P., et. al. (2019). “Near real-time deforestation detection in Malaysia and Indonesia Using change Vector Analysis with Three Sensors.†International Journal of Remote Sensing, 40(2), pp. 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2019.1579390.
Pillips, D. (2003). The Truth of Ecology, nature, Culture, and Literature in America. Madison Avenue, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Pranoto, N. (2014). Sastra Hijau Pena yang menyelamatkan Bumi, dalam Bahasa dan Sastra dalam perspektif Ekologi dan Multikulturalisme [Green Literature The pen that saves the Earth, in Language and Literature in the perspective of Ecology and Multiculturalism]. Wiyatmi, et. al. editor. Yogyakarta: Department of Indonesian Language and Literature education and Publisher Interlude.
Purba, Ch., et. al. (2014). Potret Keadaan Hutan Indonesia [Portrait of the State of Indonesia's Forests]. Jakarta: Forest Watch Indonesia.
Rampan, K. L. (2015). Api Awan Asap. Jakarta: Gramedia, Cetakan ke-2.
Sabran, S.et. al. (2014). Contribution of the Heart of Borneo (HoB) Initiative Towards Botanical Exploration in Sabah, Malaysia. Reinwardtia, 14(1), pp. 137–142.
Safitri, N. (2011). Masalah Sosial dan Konflik Masyarakat Adat Papua dengan PT Freeport Indonesia (Tinjauan Antropologis) [Social Problems and Conflicts between Indigenous Papuans and PT Freeport Indonesia (Anthropological Review)]. Perspektif: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial. 4 (1), pp. 28 - 40.
Sunderlin, W.D., & Resosudarmo, I.A. P. (1997). Laju dan Penyebab Deforestasi di Indonesia: Penelaahan Kerancuan dan Penyelesaiannya [Rates and Causes of Deforestation in Indonesia: An Analysis of Confusion and Its Solution ]. Center for International Forestry Research. Occasional Paper No. 9(I), pp. 1 -25.
Thayf, A. S. (2009). Tanah Tabu. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Wahyuni, Herpita & Suranto. (2021). Dampak Deforestasi Hutan Skala Besar terhadap terhadap Pemanasan Global di Indonesia [Impact of Large-Scale Deforestation on Global Warming in Indonesia ]. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1), pp. 149-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v6i1.10083.
Wiyatmi, (2016). “Conquest and Care for the Preservation of Nature and Environment in the Novel Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak: Study Ecocriticism. Humaniora, 28(3), pp. 315–323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.22285.
Wiyatmi, et.al. (2018). Dekonstruksi terhadap Kuasa Patriarki Atas Alam, Lingkungan Hidup, dan Perempuan dalam Novel-Novel Karya Ayu Utami [Deconstruction of Patriarchal Power Over Nature, Environment, and Women in Novels by Ayu Utami]. Litera,15(2), pp. 281-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v15i2.11829.
Yaakup, H. S. (2018). Tombiruo: Adaptasi Novel ke Filem dan Representasi Kepercayaan Setempat [Tombiruo: Adaptation of Novels to Films and Representation of Local Beliefs]. Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication. 34(2), pp. 323-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2018-3402-20.
Published
2022-07-05
How to Cite
Wiyatmi, W., Liliani, E., Sari, E., & Safei, M. (2022). Deforestation in Indonesian and Malaysian Novels: When Wild Forests are Destroyed by Anthropocentricism. K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Languange and Literature, 24(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.24.1.29-39
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
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