PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THREE INDONESIAN CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 1;8 AND 2;6
Keywords:
phonological process, child language, universal
Abstract
Children are believed to employ universal processes in simplifying adult language words to match their developing phonology. The present paper is intended to describe the phonological processes used by three Indonesian children aged between 1;8 and 2;6. There is an indication that the utilization of the processes might be not only quantitatively but also qualitatively age-related, and that the processes might actually be of three types: universal (species-specific), local (language-specific), and idiosyncratic (individual-specific).Downloads
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References
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Raja, P. (2003). The language of an Indonesian child named Mika in the telegraphic and simple sentence stages. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Malang State University, Malang.
Cruttenden, A. (1979). Language in infancy and childhood. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dale, P. S. (1976). Language development: Structure and function. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Faingold, E. D. (1990). The acquisition of syllabic and word structure: Individual differences and universal constraints. Language Sciences, 12(1), 101-113. [CrossRef]
Ferguson, C. A., & Garnica, O. K. (1975). Theories of phonological development. In E. H. Lenneberg, & E. Lenneberg (Eds.), Foundations of language development: A multidisciplinary approach (vol. 1) (pp. 153-180). New York: Academic Press.
Ingram, D. (1986). Phonological development: Production. In P. Fletcher, & M. Garman, (Eds.), Language acquisition: Studies in first language development (pp. 223-239). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [CrossRef]
Ingram, D. (1989). First language acquisition: Method, description, and explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Menyuk, P., Menn, L., & Silber, R. (1986). Early strategies for the perception and production of words and sounds. In P. Fletcher, & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition: Studies in first language development (pp. 198-222). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [CrossRef]
Raja, P. (1998). The phonological processes of a twenty-month-old child, Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora dan Sains Tahun 4 No 1&2 April-September 1998, 24-49.
Raja, P. (2000). Word simplification processes in the telegraphic stage. Paper presented at The Fourth International Symposium on Malay/Indonesian Linguistics (ISMIL 4), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Raja, P. (2003). The language of an Indonesian child named Mika in the telegraphic and simple sentence stages. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Malang State University, Malang.
Published
2008-01-25
How to Cite
Raja, P. (2008). PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THREE INDONESIAN CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 1;8 AND 2;6. K@ta: A Biannual Publication on the Study of Languange and Literature, 9(2), 126-140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.9.2.126-140
Section
Articles
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